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Alexei Alexandrovich Shakhmatov ((ロシア語:Алексе́й Алекса́ндрович Ша́хматов), – 16 August 1920) was a Russian philologist and historian credited with laying foundations for the science of textology.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/bse/151130/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2 )〕 ==Biography== Born in Narva, present-day Estonia, Shakhmatov was brought up by his uncle near Saratov. He went to a public school in Moscow and developed interest for Old Russian language and literature at an early age. At the age of 16, his articles started to appear in the most authoritative journal of Slavic studies of that time, the ''Archive of Slavic Philology'' ((ドイツ語:Archiv für slavische Philologie)). Shakhmatov furthered his education at the Moscow University (1883–1887), later delivering lectures in the same institution. His first monograph, published in 1886, examined the language of ancient Novgorod charters. In 1891 he became so enthusiastic about ''zemstvo'' that he gave up his scholarly pursuits for three years and held a minor administrative office in his native village. In 1894, Shakhmatov returned to Moscow and won great acclaim for his Ph.D. dissertation, entitled ''Studies in the Sphere of Russian Phonetics''. Five years later, he was admitted to the Russian Academy of Sciences, and over the following years became one of the most reputable academicians. He revived the Academy's linguistic periodicals, edited the academic dictionary of Russian language and was elected to represent the Academy at the State Council of Imperial Russia and Imperial State Duma. In 1909, Shakhmatov moved to work at Saint Petersburg University as a professor. By that time, he had been elected doctor ''honoris causa'' by the Charles University, Berlin University, Polish Academy of Sciences, and many other scholarly societies. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Aleksey Shakhmatov」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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